Keterikatan Kerja Karyawan Generasi Z: Bagaimana Peran Kepemimpinan Pemberdayaan dan Persepsi Dukungan Organisasi?
Main Article Content
Abstract
In the recent years, industrial world has been faced with the workforce demographics changes. The presence of generation Z as the youngest generation of workforce provide challenges to the organizations to gradually improve and transform their human resource strategies and policies. This research aimed to empirically test the role of empowering leadership and perceived organizational support as predictors of generation Z’s employee engagement. The study was conducted using quantitative methods through surveys with online questionnaires. The participants in this research consisted of 179 generation Z employees in Indonesia with age ranged from 18 to 27 years who were selected using convenience sampling technique. The results of data analysis using multiple regression techniques showed a significant role of empowering leadership, and perceived organizational support in predicting work engagement of 28.6% (p<0.05). These results indicate that the role of empowering leadership and perceived organizational support simultaneously on generation Z's work engagement has been confirmed.
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Allam, Z. (2017). Employee disengagement: A fatal consequence to organization and its ameliorative measures. International Review of Management and Marketing, 7, 49–52.
Amundsen, S., & Martinsen, Ø. L. (2014). Empowering leadership: Construct clarification, conceptualization, and validation of a new scale. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(3), 487–511. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.009
Arshad, M., Qasim, N., Farooq, O., & Rice, J. (2021). Empowering leadership and employees’ work engagement: A social identity theory perspective. Management Decision, 60(5), 1218–1236. doi: 10.1108/MD-11-2020-1485
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The Job Demands‐Resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), Article 3. doi: 10.1108/02683940710733115
Benítez-Márquez, M. D., Sánchez-Teba, E. M., Bermúdez-González, G., & Núñez-Rydman, E. S. (2022). Generation Z within the workforce and in the workplace: A bibliometric analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.736820
Blau, P. M. (1946). Exchange and power in social life. Wiley.
Cai, D., Cai, Y., Sun, Y., & Ma, J. (2018). Linking empowering leadership and employee work engagement: The effects of person-job fit, person-group fit, and proactive personality. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01304
Cenkci, A., & Özçelik, G. (2016). Leadership styles and subordinate work engagement: The moderating impact of leader gender. Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal, 7, 8–20.
Cheong, M., Yammarino, F. J., Dionne, S. D., Spain, S. M., & Tsai, C.-Y. (2019). A review of the effectiveness of empowering leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 30(1), 34–58. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.08.005
Choi, W., Goo, W., & Choi, Y. (2022). Perceived organizational support and knowledge sharing: A moderated-mediation approach. SAGE Open, 12(2), 21582440221089950. doi: 10.1177/21582440221089950
Das, A. K., & Malik, P. (2024). Ascertaining factors inducing engagement and stay intention among Gen Z: A qualitative study in the Indian context. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). doi: 10.1108/IJOA-09-2023-3994
Demirtas, O., Hannah, S. T., Gok, K., Arslan, A., & Capar, N. (2017). The moderated influence of ethical leadership, via meaningful work, on followers’ engagement, organizational identification, and envy. Journal of Business Ethics, 145(1), 183–199. doi: 10.1007/s10551-015-2907-7
Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500–507. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500
Fridayani, J. A., Kusuma, S. E., & Yuniarto, A. Y. (2022). Building link-match of gen z and the world of work through contextual-adaptive facilitation. Jurnal Bisnis Strategi, 31(2), 117–129.
Gumilang, N. A., & Indrayanti, I. (2022). Work Engagement Among Millennial Employees: The role of Psychological Capital and Perceived Oganizational Support. Humanitas: Indonesian Psychological Journal, 87–100. doi: 10.26555/humanitas.v19i2.45
Hayes, A. F., & Cai, L. (2007). Using heteroskedasticity-consistent standard error estimators in OLS regression: An introduction and software implementation. Behavior Research Methods, 39(4), 709–722. doi: 10.3758/BF03192961
Iftadi, N. H., & Taufik, T. (2024). Keterikatan kerja karyawan swasta di masa pandemi covid-19: Peran ketidakamanan kerja dan modal psikologis. Psycho Idea, 22(1), 68.
Ismail, H. N., Iqbal, A., & Nasr, L. (2019). Employee engagement and job performance in Lebanon: The mediating role of creativity. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 68(3), 506–523. doi: 10.1108/IJPPM-02-2018-0052
Khan, A. K., Moss, S., Quratulain, S., & Hameed, I. (2018). When and how subordinate performance leads to abusive supervision: A social dominance perspective. Journal of Management, 44(7), 2801–2826. doi: 10.1177/0149206316653930
Khusanova, R., Kang, S.-W., & Choi, S. B. (2021). Work engagement among public employees: Antecedents and consequences. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.684495
Kim, J. H. (2019). Multicollinearity and misleading statistical results. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology, 72(6), 558–569. doi: 10.4097/kja.19087
Kim, Y., & Lim, H. (Dana). (2020). Activating constructive employee behavioural responses in a crisis: Examining the effects of pre-crisis reputation and crisis communication strategies on employee voice behaviours. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 28(2), 141–157. doi: 10.1111/1468-5973.12289
Kominfo, P. (2021). Angkatan kerja produktif melimpah. Website Resmi Kementerian Komunikasi Dan Informatika RI. http:///content/detail/33004/angkatan-kerja-produktif-melimpah/0/artikel
Kristiana, I. F., Fajrianthi, F., & Purwono, U. (2018). Analisis rasch dalam utrecht work engagement scale-9 (uwes-9) versi bahasa indonesia. Jurnal Psikologi, 17(2), 204. doi: 10.14710/jp.17.2.204-217
Madden, L., Mathias, B. D., & Madden, T. M. (2015). In good company: The impact of perceived organizational support and positive relationships at work on turnover intentions. Management Research Review, 38(3), 242–263. doi: 10.1108/MRR-09-2013-0228
McKee-Ryan, F. M. (2021). Coming of age in a global pandemic: HRM perspectives on generation Z’s workforce entry. Dalam Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management (world; Vol. 39, hlm. 99–128). Emerald Publishing Limited. doi: 10.1108/S0742-730120210000039004
Naqshbandi, M. M., Kabir, I., Ishak, N. A., & Islam, Md. Z. (2023). The future of work: Work engagement and job performance in the hybrid workplace. The Learning Organization, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), Article ahead-of-print. doi: 10.1108/TLO-08-2022-0097
Pataki-Bittó, F., & Kapusy, K. (2021). Work environment transformation in the post COVID-19 based on work values of the future workforce. Journal of Corporate Real Estate, 23(3), 151–169. doi: 10.1108/JCRE-08-2020-0031
Peethambaran, M., & Naim, M. F. (2023). Connecting the dots: Linking empowering leadership, employee work passion, and flourishing-at-work. Industrial and Commercial Training, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). doi: 10.1108/ICT-10-2022-0079
Pendell, R., & Helm, S. V. (2022, November 11). Generation disconnected: Data on gen z in the workplace. Gallup.com. https://www.gallup.com/workplace/404693/generation-disconnected-data-gen-workplace.aspx
Peng, M. Y. P., Liang, Z., Fatima, I., Wang, Q., & Rasheed, M. I. (2023). The nexus between empowering leadership, job engagement and employee creativity: Role of creative self-efficacy in the hospitality industry. Kybernetes, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). doi: 10.1108/K-10-2022-1425
Pinandito, I. S., & Savira, A. W. (2022). Peran empowering leadership terhadap intensi turnover karyawan generasi Z di Indonesia. Gadjah Mada Journal of Professional Psychology (GamaJPP), 8(2), Article 2.
Purwaningrum, E. K., Suhariadi, F., & Fajrianthi. (2022). Participation and commitment to change on middle managers in indonesia: The role of perceived organizational support as mediator. Global Business Review, 23(5), doi: 10.1177/0972150919892371
Putri, R. F., Sa’adah, N., & Sopiah, S. (2023). Perceived organization support: A systematic literature review. Humantech : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia, 2(6), Article 6.
Qatrunnada, R. Z. (2023). Pemberdayaan psikologis dan intensi turnover karyawan milenial di Indonesia: Peran keterikatan kerja sebagai mediator. Psychopreneur Journal, 7(2), Article 2. doi: 10.37715/psy.v7i2.3611
Reijseger, G., Peeters, M. C. W., Taris, T. W., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2017). From motivation to activation: Why engaged workers are better performers. Journal of Business and Psychology, 32(2), 117–130. doi: 10.1007/s10869-016-9435-z
Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698–714. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.698
Sabir, I., Ali, I., Majid, M. B., Sabir, N., Mehmood, H., Rehman, A. U., & Nawaz, F. (2021). Impact of perceived organizational support on employee performance in IT firms – a comparison among Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 30(3), 795–815. doi: 10.1108/IJOA-10-2019-1914
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Defining and measuring work engagement: Bringing clarity to the concep. Dalam Work Engagement: A Handbook of Essential Theory and Research (hlm. 10–24). Psychology Press. https://www.wilmarschaufeli.nl/publications/Schaufeli/326.pdf
Sharma, P., & Kirkman, B. (2015). Leveraging leaders: A literature review and future lines of inquiry for empowering leadership research. Group & Organization Management, 40. doi: 10.1177/1059601115574906
Sujadiyanto, R. G., & Riyono, B. (2023). The role of calling and perceived organizational support in the work engagement of private employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. Gadjah Mada Journal of Psychology (GamaJoP), 9(1), Article 1.
Thanh, N. H., Quang, N. V., & Anh, N. N. (2022). The relationship between leadership style and staff work engagement: An empirical analysis of the public sector in Vietnam. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 9(1), 1–12. doi: 10.1057/s41599-022-01354-7
Wen, J., Huang, S. (Sam), & Teo, S. (2023). Effect of empowering leadership on work engagement via psychological empowerment: Moderation of cultural orientation. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 54, 88–97. doi: 10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.12.012

