Temporarily-heightened Self-esteem and Risk-taking in Gambling: An Experimental Research

Main Article Content

Belicia Griselda Talahaturusun
Amadea Regine Tan
Chairein Christy Limantara
Velissia Lakaseng
Nathania Amabel Sangjaya
Livia Yuliawati
Putri Ayu Puspieta Wardhani
Audrey Devina Setiawan

Abstract

One of the factors that influence gambling behaviour is self-esteem. Hence, this paper wants to examine the impact of temporarily-heightened self-esteem to risk-taking behaviour in the context of gambling. This research employs a two-group posttest only design with 8 participants in each group who are randomized by means of drawing names out of a box. Participants are asked to place a bet and pick a card to obtain a win/ lose result. Wins experienced by the control group are not predetermined. The experiment group results are predetermined to ensure consecutive wins. Data is collected from the amount of wager placed in each round which is then analysed with Mann-Whitney U Test with p=0.012. Results show a higher level of risk-taking in the experimental group compared to the control group. This research contributes by discovering a new variable responsible in gambling phenomenon which is temporarily-heightened self-esteem.

Article Details

How to Cite
Talahaturusun, B. G., Tan, A. R., Limantara, C. C., Lakaseng, V., Sangjaya, N. A., Yuliawati, L., … Setiawan, A. D. (2025). Temporarily-heightened Self-esteem and Risk-taking in Gambling: An Experimental Research. Psychopreneur Journal, 9(2), 65–76. https://doi.org/10.37715/psy.v9i2.4435
Section
Articles

References

Andrie, E. K., Tzavara, C. K., Tzavela, E., Richardson, C., Greydanus, D., Tsolia, M., & Tsitsika, A. K. (2019). Gambling involvement and problem gambling correlates among European adolescents: Results from the European Network for addictive behavior study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 54(11), 1429–1441.

Bayat, B., Akbarisomar, N., Tori, N. A., & Salehiniya, H. (2019). The relation between self-confidence and risk-taking among the students. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 8, 27. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_174_18

Branden, N. (1992). The power of self-esteem : An inspiring look at our most important psychological resource. Florida: Health Communications.

Brown, J. D., Dutton, K. A. and Cook, K. E. (2001). From the top down: Self-esteem and self-evaluation. Cognition and Emotion, 15, 615-631.

Calado, F., Alexandre, J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2016). Prevalence of adolescent problem gambling: A systematic review of recent research. Journal of Gambling Studies, 33(2), 397–424.

Choi, J., & Kim, K. (2021). The relationship between impulsiveness, self-esteem, irrational gambling belief and problem gambling moderating effects of gender. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(10), 5180. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18105180

Cummins, L. F., Nadorff, M. R., & Kelly, A. E. (2009). Winning and positive affect can lead to reckless gambling. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 23(2), 287–294.

Díaz-Sanahuja, L., Macarena Paredes-Mealla, Suso-Ribera, C., García-Palacios, A., & Juana María Bretón-López. (2023). Validation of a Spanish adaptation of the gambling symptom assessment scale (G-SAS) in persons with recent history of gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies. 39, 1505-1522. doi: 10.1007/s10899-023-10208-z

Etikan, I., & Bala, K. (2017). Sampling and sampling methods. Biometrics and Biostatistics International Journal, 5(6).

Frisone, F., Settineri, S., Sicari, P., Federica, & Merlo, E. M. (2020). Gambling in adolescence: A narrative review of the last 20 years. Journal of Addictive Diseases, 38(4), 438–457.

Gainsbury, S. M. (2015). Online gambling addiction: The relationship between internet gambling and disordered gambling. Current Addiction Reports, 2(2), 185–193.

Gomez-Baya, D., Mendoza, R., Gaspar, T., & Gomes, P. (2018). Responses to positive affect, life satisfaction and self-esteem: A cross-lagged panel analysis during middle adolescence. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 59(4), 462–472. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12450

Greenaway, K. H., Kalokerinos, E. K., Murphy, S. C., & McIlroy, T. (2018). Winners are grinners: Expressing authentic positive emotion enhances status in performance contexts. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 78, 168–180. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2018.03.013

Gribbons, B., & Herman, J. (1996). True and quasi-experimental designs. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 5(14), 14.

Harris, A., Kuss, D., & Griffiths, M. D. (2018). Gambling, motor cautiousness, and choice impulsivity: An experimental study. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(4), 1030–1043. doi: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.108

Imanina, R., & Surjaningrum, E. R. (2022). Penganiayaan masa kecil dan gangguan stress pasca trauma pada perempuan dewasa. Psikostudia : Jurnal Psikologi, 11(4), 702–714.

Isen, A. M., & Patrick, R. (1983). The effect of positive feelings on risk taking: When the chips are down. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 31(2), 194–202. doi: 10.1016/0030-5073(83)90120-4

Jun, H.-J., Sacco, P., & Cunningham-Williams, R. M. (2019). Gambling in emerging adulthood: The role of adolescent depressive symptoms, antisocial behaviors, and alcohol use. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19(2), 494–507.

Kalkan, B., & Griffiths, M. D. (2018). The psychometric properties of the online gambling symptom assessment scale (OGSAS). International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. doi: 10.1007/s11469-018-9981-x

Kielkiewicz, K., Mathúna, C. Ó., & McLaughlin, C. (2019). Construct validity and dimensionality of the Rosenberg self-esteem scale and its association with spiritual values within Irish population. Journal of Religion and Health, 59, 381–398. doi: 10.1007/s10943-019-00821-x

Leon, F. M., & Mario, M. (2019). Effect of external audit on the financial performance at Indonesian bank. Indonesian Management and Accounting Research, 18(1), 48. doi: 10.25105/imar.v18i1.5385

Maroqi, N. (2019). Uji validitas konstruk pada instrumen Rosenberg self esteem scale dengan metode confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Jurnal Pengukuran Psikologi Dan Pendidikan Indonesia (JP3I), 7(2), 92–96. doi: 10.15408/jp3i.v7i2.12101

Mawarizka, H. T., & Fasikhah, S. S. (2023). Menurunkan kecemasan dengan cognitive behavior therapy pada penderita posttraumatic stress disorder. Procedia: Studi Kasus Dan Intervensi Psikologi, 11(1), 01–06. doi: 10.22219/procedia.v11i1.24047

McGurrin, M. C. (1992). Pathological gambling: Conceptual, diagnostic, and treatment issues. Professional Resource Press. Retrieved from Professional Resource Press.

Meswari, A. S., & Ritonga, M. (2023). Dampak dari judi online terhadap masa depan pemuda, desa air buluh Kec.Ipuh Kab.Mukomuko Provinsi Bengkulu. Jurnal Cakrawala Ilmiah, 2(5), 2097–2102.

Mishra, S., Lalumière, M. L., & Williams, R. J. (2010). Gambling as a form of risk-taking: Individual differences in personality, risk-accepting attitudes, and behavioral preferences for risk. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(6), 616–621. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.05.032

Oksanen, A., Savolainen, I., Sirola, A., & Kaakinen, M. (2018). Problem gambling and psychological distress: A cross-national perspective on the mediating effect of consumer debt and debt problems among emerging adults. Harm Reduction Journal, 15(1).

Putri, T. H., & Fitri, T. A. (2022). Faktor karakteristik sebagai prediktor adiksi game online pada remaja. Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa, 10(1), 37.

Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Sekścińska, K., Jaworska, D., & Rudzinska-Wojciechowska, J. (2021). Self-esteem and financial risk-taking. Personality and Individual Differences, 172, 110576. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110576

Sleczka, P., Braun-Michl, B., & Kraus, L. (2020). Gamblers’ attitudes towards money and their relationship to gambling disorder among young men. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 9(3), 744–755. doi: 10.1556/2006.2020.00042

Turner, Littman-Sharp, Zangeneh, & Spence. (2006). Winners: Why do some develop gambling problems while others do not? Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre.

Walker, D. M., & Sobel, R. S. (2016). Social and economic impacts of gambling. Current Addiction Reports, 3(3), 293–298.

Weatherly, J. N., & Brandt, A. E. (2004). Participants’ sensitivity to percentage payback and credit value when playing a slot-machine simulation. Behavior and Social Issues, 13(1), 33–51. doi: 5210/bsi.v13i1.34

Weber, E. U., Blais, A.-R., & Betz, N. E. (2002). A domain-specific risk-attitude scale: Measuring risk perceptions and risk behaviors. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 15(4), doi: 10.1002/bdm.414