Efikasi Suplementasi Vitamin D3 Terhadap Keparahan Dermatitis Atopik: Tinjauan Sistematis
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Abstract
Dermatitis atopik adalah penyakit kulit kronis dengan prevalensi global yang terus meningkat. Vitamin D3 berperan penting dalam modulasi sistem imun dan fungsi barrier kulit sehingga dapat menjadi terapi tambahan untuk menurunkan keparahan gejala dermatitis atopik. Penelitian ini merupakan tinjauan sistematis dengan menggunakan pedoman PRISMA. Artikel yang dianalisa mencakup penelitian observational dan Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) yang mengevaluasi efek suplementasi vitamin D3 terhadap dermatitis atopik. Pencarian artikel dilakukan pada PubMed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar dengan menggunakan kata kunci "vitamin D3 supplementation" AND "atopic dermatitis". Seleksi artikel melibatkan penilaian relevansi, telaah teks lengkap dan konsensus antar peneliti. Sebanyak 16 artikel dianalisis, terdiri dari 10 studi observasional dan 6 RCT. Studi observasional menunjukkan adanya korelasi negatif antara kadar vitamin D serum dan tingkat keparahan dermatitis atopik. RCT melaporkan bahwa suplementasi vitamin D3 secara signifikan mengurangi gejala dermatitis atopik, memperbaiki fungsi barrier kulit, dan menurunkan inflamasi. Kombinasi vitamin D3 dengan probiotik dan Zinc menunjukkan efektivitas yang lebih baik dalam mencegah dermatitis atopik pada bayi. Vitamin D3 berpotensi menjadi terapi tambahan yang efektif untuk mengurangi keparahan gejala dermatitis atopik, terutama pada anak-anak. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas jangka panjang dan menentukan dosis yang optimal pada berbagai populasi.
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