Kebiasaan Merokok Ibu Hamil Dengan Kejadian Bayi Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR): Tinjauan Sistematis
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) adalah berat lahir bayi kurang dari 2500 g, sesuai dengan definisi menurut World Health Organization (WHO). Sekitar 20 juta kelahiran di dunia yang mengalami BBLR, 95% dari total tersebut tercatat di negara berkembang, salah satunya adalah Indonesia. Ibu yang tidak menjaga pola hidup dapat mengalami kekurangan gizi, hal ini berisiko meningkatkan kelahiran bayi BBLR. Kondisi BBLR tidak hanya mempengaruhi kesehatan dan gizi, namun juga menjadi tanda awal tingkat kelangsungan hidup bayi serta perkembangan psikososialnya. Kebiasaan merokok selama kehamilan merupakan salah satu prekursor terjadinya BBLR, kelahiran prematur, pembatasan pertumbuhan intrauterin, dan kematian perinatal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan kebiasaan merokok oleh Ibu selama kehamilan dengan kejadian bayi berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tinjauan sistematis (Systematic review). Artikel berasal dari jurnal internasional maupun nasional yang terindeks dan diterbitkan antara tahun 2015- 2020. Artikel yang tidak dapat diakses secara utuh tidak digunakan dalam penelitian. Berdasarkan tinjauan dari 14 artikel, disimpulkan bahwa kebiasaan merokok yang dilakukan oleh Ibu hamil dapat membawa pengaruh buruk bagi kesehatan janin. Bahaya yang dihasilkan dari merokok itu sendiri juga bervariasi, mulai dari berat badan lahir rendah, kelahiran prematur, bahkan gangguan kesehatan di masa yang akan datang.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Ardelia, K. I. A., Hardianto, G. and Nuswantoro, D. (2019) ‘Passive smoker during pregnancy is a risk factor of low birth weight’, Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi, 27(1), p. 12. doi: 10.20473/mog.v1i12019.12-16.
Cutland, C. L. et al. (2017) ‘Low birth weight: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of maternal immunization safety data’, Vaccine, 35(48), pp. 6492–6500. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.049.
De Albuquerque, T. M. et al. (2016) ‘Medidas de associação em estudos epidemiológicos: Mães fumantes e crianças de baixo peso na cidade de Campina Grande –PB’, Acta Scientiarum - Health Sciences. Eduem - Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringa, 38(2), pp. 179–184. doi: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v38i2.305 26.
Dessì, A. et al. (2018) ‘Exposure to tobacco smoke and low birth weight: from epidemiology to metabolomics’, Expert Review of Proteomics. Taylor and Francis Ltd, pp. 647– 656. doi: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1505508.
Hartiningrum, I. and Fitriyah, N. (2019) ‘Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) di Provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2012- 2016’, Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan, 7(2), p. 97. doi: 10.20473/jbk.v7i2.2018.97-104.
Inoue, S. et al. (2017) ‘Impact of maternal and paternal smoking on birth outcomes’, Journal of Public Health (United Kingdom), 39(3), pp. 557– 566. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdw050.
Kataoka, M. C. et al. (2018) ‘Smoking during pregnancy and harm reduction in birth weight: A cross-sectional study’, BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 18(1), pp. 1–10. doi: 10.1186/s12884-018-1694-4.
Kharkova, O. A. et al. (2017) ‘Effect of smoking behavior before and during pregnancy on selected birth outcomes among singleton full-term pregnancy: A Murmansk county birth registry study’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(8). doi: 10.3390/ijerph14080867.
Mahayana, S. A. S., Chundrayetti, E. and Yulistini, Y. (2015) ‘Faktor Risiko yang Berpengaruh terhadap Kejadian Berat Badan Lahir Rendah di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang’, Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 4(3), pp. 664–673. doi: 10.25077/jka.v4i3.345.
Onor, I. C. O. et al. (2017) ‘Clinical effects of cigarette smoking: Epidemiologic impact and review of pharmacotherapy options’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(10), pp. 1–16. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14101147.
Pereira, P. P. da S. et al. (2017) ‘Maternal Active Smoking During Pregnancy and Low Birth Weight in the Americas: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis’, Nicotine & Tobacco Research. Oxford Academic, 19(5), pp. 497–505. doi: 10.1093/NTR/NTW228.
Rumrich, I. et al. (2020) ‘Effects of maternal smoking on body size and proportions at birth: A registerbased cohort study of 1.4 million births’, BMJ Open, 10(2), pp. 1–9. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019- 033465.
Spindel, E. R. and McEvoy, C. T. (2016) ‘The role of nicotine in the effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on lung development and childhood respiratory disease: Implications for dangers of e-cigarettes’, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 193(5), pp. 486– 494. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201510- 2013PP.
Vila Candel, R. et al. (2015) ‘Tobacco use in the third trimester of pregnancy and its relationship to birth weight. A prospective study in Spain’, Women and Birth. Elsevier, 28(4), pp. e134– e139. 10.1016/j.wombi.2015.06.003.
Witt, S. H. et al. (2018) ‘Impact on birth weight of maternal smoking throughout pregnancy mediated by DNA methylation’, BMC genomics. BMC Genomics, 19(1), p. 290. doi: 10.1186/s12864-018-4652-7.
Xaverius, P. K. et al. (2019) ‘Smoking Cessation and Pregnancy: Timing of Cessation Reduces or Eliminates the Effect on Low Birth Weight’, Maternal and Child Health Journal. Springer New York LLC, 23(10), pp. 1434–1441. doi: 10.1007/s10995-019-02751-2.
Zhang, W. and Yang, T. C. (2019) ‘Maternal Smoking and Infant Low Birth Weight: Exploring the Biological Mechanism Through the Mother’s Pre-pregnancy Weight Status’, Population Research and Policy Review. Springer Netherlands, (0123456789). doi: 10.1007/s11113-019-09554-x.
Zhang, X. et al. (2017) ‘Effects of IncentiveBased Smoking Cessation Program for Pregnant Women on Birth Outcomes’, Maternal and Child Health Journal. Springer US, 21(4), pp. 745–751. doi: 10.1007/s10995- 016-2166-y.
Zheng, W. et al. (2016) ‘Association between Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy and Low Birthweight: Effects by Maternal Age’, PLOS ONE. Edited by K. J. Tsuchiya. Public Library of Science, 11(1), p. e0146241. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146241.